911±¬ÁÏ

Broad bean rust is caused by the fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae. It is not as damaging as another common broad bean disease, chocolate spot , but severe attacks can cause defoliation. Expect to see significant levels of this rust from mid-summer.

It attacks broad beans, peas and other related legumes and has several genetically

Genes are small sections of DNA that code for particular traits. During sexual reproduction, genes of both parents are mixed to create a genetically different offspring. Plants grown from seed may not be 'true to type' and look like their parents, but genetic variation can be beneficial, creating new, interesting characteristics and sometimes improving resilience to environmental conditions or disease. On the other hand, plants grown from cuttings are genetically identical to their parents. distinct races, but in the UK is only important on broad beans. Runner and French beans are affected by a more serious, but unrelated rust disease.

You may see the following symptoms:

• On leaves and stems: Small, dusty, dark brown spots, often surrounded by a pale yellow halo

Non-chemical control

• Maximise air flow around the plants by wider spacing and avoid damp, humid sites
• Destroy infected plant material, because spores produced at the end of the season can survive in a semi- dormant
  Dormancy refers to a period of inactivity in plants, during which they slow down or stop their growth, conserving energy and resources. This is a natural process that helps them survive harsh conditions, such as winter or drought. Dormancy in seeds is a mechanism that prevents them germinating until environmental conditions are favourable for growth. state in crop residues and on seed

Chemical control

There are no fungicides available to gardeners for disease control on broad beans.

Uromyces viciae-fabaeis a typical example of a rust fungus that carries out its entire life cycle on one host, which, in the UK, is the broad bean. Unlike chocolate spot, the infected leaf tissues remain alive, providing nutrients

To grow well, plants need a wide range of nutrients in various amounts, depending on the individual plant and its stage of growth. The three key nutrients usually taken up from the soil are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Plants also need carbon, oxygen and hydrogen to make carbohydrates — their main energy source. Carbon and oxygen come from the air as carbon dioxide, while hydrogen is drawn from water absorbed by the roots. Other important soil nutrients include magnesium, calcium and sulphur. Most garden soils contain enough of these nutrients to support healthy plant growth. for the fungus while it produces dusty brown airborne dispersal spores. A semi- dormant

Dormancy refers to a period of inactivity in plants, during which they slow down or stop their growth, conserving energy and resources. This is a natural process that helps them survive harsh conditions, such as winter or drought. Dormancy in seeds is a mechanism that prevents them germinating until environmental conditions are favourable for growth. resting spore carries it over the winter.