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Harvesting top fruit such as apples and pears begins in earnest in September. The last of the plums and autumn-fruiting raspberries are also picked now. 

Sowing and planting

Fruit

• Continue planting new strawberry beds.

Vegetables

• Continue to sow vegetables for overwintering, to mature next spring, including: turnips, spinach, winter lettuce and oriental vegetables.
• Plant overwintering onion sets.
• Spring cabbages that were sown last month are probably ready for planting out. Cover them with reused netting to stop the pigeons shredding them.
• Cover bare areas by sowing green manures such as crimson clover and Italian ryegrass to capture nutrients and protect the soil over winter. These can be dug in in spring or covered with cardboard 6-8 weeks before planting if you are practising no-dig. Video:

Pruning and training

Fruit

• Finish tying in shoots on fan-trained and other wall-trained trees.
• Cut back old canes of blackberries and hybrid berries after fruiting and tie in the new canes.
• Prune blackcurrants.
• Spur prune kiwi fruits after harvest.

Prevention

• Watch tomatoes for blossom end rot, and other ripening problems. As well as affecting tomatoes, irregular watering can also cause splitting of root vegetables and flower abortion in runner beans. Help prevent this by watering well during dry spells. Video:
• When lifting potatoes, be sure to clear away top growth left behind to reduce the risk of blight next year, and take care not to damage the tubers so that they store better.

General care

Fruit

• Harvest top fruit such as apples and pears. Look for fruit falling under the tree (windfalls) to indicate which apples are ready, and cup the fruit in your hand and twist upwards to check if they are ready for picking. If it comes away easily in your hand then it is ready for harvest.
• Order cold-stored strawberry runners for delivery in spring. These fast-track your harvest, cropping around 60 days after planting.
• Order new fruit trees, canes and bushes.
• Continue to provide support for heavily laden fruit tree and bush branches.

Vegetables

• When asparagus foliage turns brown, it is time to cut it down. Take care as the old stems can scratch your hands and arms, and give the plants a good mulch afterwards with homemade compost or manure-based soil improver.
• If the soil is dry, water winter squash and pumpkins to prevent their growth from being checked. Use stored rainwater wherever possible.
• Celery can be earthed up to blanch the stems for the final time this month, leaving just a tuft of foliage sticking out of the trench or collar. You don’t need to do this for self-blanching cultivars.